|
:
IP -
VoIP
VoIP (.
Voice over Internet Protocol;
IP-) ,
IP-.
, , ()
, .
VoIP
1993 .
VoIP (Voice over IP).
IP-
IP.
VoIP
,
:
-
(, ,
.), 40-50 %
;
-
( ) 20-40 %
.
VoIP ,
() .
, 5 % .
VoIP
ISO
9000[?]
, :
-
,
,
-
,
( )
.
QoS
:
QoS
VoIP (
, )
,
IP-. :
VoIP ,
PSTN , . :
-
,
.
:
(DID)
Mobile number portability MNP
Mobile number
portability (MNP) IP-,
, VOIP (Voice over IP).
, VOIP,
,
,
, () .
,
.
(, )
- , IP,
.
,
() . ,
VoIP-
.
,
.
: , ,
.
. ,
,
.
()
,
.
,
, ,
.
VAD (.
Voice Activity Detector,
),
. ,
, - (
,
Code Excited Linear Prediction CELP) 4 8
/. , ,
0.1 0.2 /,
.
VAD,
.
.
2 4 /
.
,
.
15
45 , :
(. 1).
, ,
, :
( ).
Least Cost Routing (LCR)
system -
VoIP
(Least Cost Routing (LCR)
system), ,
,
, .
GSM , ,
LCR,
,
, () .
,
, , .
, VoIP ,
MNP,
. , UK,
GSM ,
( ) .
VoIP
,
.
MNP
, ,
;
, ,
,
, VoIP - ()
, IP .
-, -, Tyntec,
UK, Voice Network Query,
( ),
, VOIP
GSM , , ,
.
VoIP [1]
|
() |
(/) |
|
IP- (/) |
Ethernet- (/) |
G.711 |
160 |
64 |
20 |
64.8 |
80 |
G.723.1 (6.3) |
24 |
6.3 |
37.5 |
6.9 |
17.1 |
G.723.1 (5.3) |
20 |
5.3 |
37.5 |
5.9 |
16 |
G.726-32 |
160 |
32 |
20 |
32.8 |
42.7 |
G.726-24 |
160 |
24 |
20 |
24.8 |
34.7 |
G.726-16 |
160 |
16 |
20 |
16.8 |
26.7 |
G.729(8) |
20 |
8 |
25 |
8.8 |
18.7 |
G.729(6.4) |
16 |
6.4 |
25 |
7.2 |
17.1 |
IP
IP
(,
IP )
, / ,
, /
.
VoIP :
IP- :
.
-
. ,
,
. IP-
,
,
.
,
IP.
.
IP
WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing)
RSVP.
-
RTCP (Real-Time
Transport Control Protocol),
.
-
Frame Relay
ATM.
IP
Frame Relay
ATM,
(
, ).
Frame Relay
ATM
IP.
.
Real Time
Protocol (RTP). , ,
.
, .
,
, ,
. ,
,
,
.
Security:
VoIP-
, ,
VoIP-, . ,
VoIP-,
. ,
,
VoIP-, ()
. VLAN.
( ) , -,
.
,
, .
, 100 % .
VoIP-
. ,
,
.
-
ɻ,
. . (open source
solutions), VoIP-.
,
, ,
, .
,
. ,
, .
SRTP
ZRTP (Analog
Telephone Adapters(ATAs)),
.
IPsec,
P2P VoIP
(opportunistic encryption). Skype
SRTP, ,
Skype-. Voice VPN (
Voice over IP
Virtual Private Network)
VoIP- ,
IPSec
.
Caller ID:
Caller ID - ID
Caller ID
, VoIP
caller ID
. - VoIP
, caller ID .
, VoIP-
- caller ID,
ID,
. VoIP-
caller ID. ,
,
.
.
|
|